Now for some neuro-anatomy. What are the basic parts of the brain,
and what functions do they serve? This post and the following two posts will together
attempt to provide a basic description of the parts of our brain.
There are mainly three different parts of
the brain - the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem.
The cerebrum. It is the largest part of our brain by far, and it
is also responsible for most of the processes that occur in our brains. The
cerebrum is divided into 4 sections called “lobes” – the Frontal Lobe, the
Parietal Lobe, the Temporal Lobe, and the Occipital lobe. Additionally, the
brain itself is split into 2 hemispheres which are joined by a band of nerve
fibers called the corpus callosum. This structure allows the two brain halves
to communicate with one another. Interesting things also happen when this
ending is severed through surgery, but that will be the topic of another post.
The frontal lobe is at the front of the brain. It is responsible
for problem solving, creative skills, intellect, judgment, behavior, attention,
physical reactions, muscle movements, coordinated movements, smell, abstract
thinking, and personality. The frontal lobe also has an area which is called
the prefrontal cortex – situated at the frontmost part of the brain. This
structure gives humans the unique ability to simulate outcomes – that is,
envision the consequences if a particular action is taken.
The Parietal Lobe is behind the frontal lobe and is responsible
for language, reading, comprehension, reading, tactile, and sensory
comprehension. It contains the sensory cortex which relays information from
tactile sensations as well as proprioception as well as the motor cortex, which
monitors body movement.
The temporal lobe, located on the lab and right-hand sides of the
cerebrum, is responsible for visual and auditory memories as well as managing
some speech and hearing capabilities. It includes Wernicke’s Area which forms
around the auditory complex and helps formulate and understand speech, but much
is unknown about the function of this area.
The occipital lobe, situated in the back of the brain, helps
control vision. It includes Broca’s Area which controls the facial neurons and
helps understand speech and language.
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